Rental property calculator

如何使用Rental property calculator

它计算什么，何时使用

Evaluate a buy-to-let 或 investment property by cash flow、cap 利率, cash-on-cash return, debt 覆盖率、the 总计 return if you sell after a holding 周期.

使用步骤

1. Enter the 价格、首付 百分比、mortgage terms.
2. Enter 每月 rent、expected empty periods、running costs.
3. Add rent 和 price growth assumptions、how long you will hold it、the cost selling.
4. Check cash flow first、then cap 利率, cash-on-cash、IRR.

各输入项的含义

• 第 Rent 每 周一 次 – Gross rent before costs.
• Empty periods – 占比 rent lost 至 gaps between tenants.
• 税款 和 charges, insurance – 每年 property costs.
• Management 和 repairs – 百分比 rent set aside件agents、maintenance、repairs.
• Growth rates – 每年 rent 和 价格 increases.

如何阅读结果

• Cash flow – Net operating income minus mortgage payments.
• Cap 利率 – Net operating income ÷ 价格.
• Cash-on-cash return – First-year cash flow ÷ cash 投入.
• Debt 覆盖率 比 – Net operating income ÷ 每年 mortgage payments. Lenders often want 1.25 或 more.
• IRR – The 每年 return counting cash flows 和 the final sale.

公式

NOI = rent × 12 × (1 − empty 占比) − 税款 − insurance − management. Cap 利率 = NOI ÷ 价格. Cash flow = NOI − mortgage payments. Cash-on-cash = cash flow ÷ (首付 + buying costs). IRR 是 the rate that makes the present value all yearly cash flows, including the sale, equal 至 zero.

计算示例

A 250,000 property with 25% down 以 6.5%、rented at 1,500 a month. NOI 是 11,800, giving a cap rate 4.72%. The mortgage 是 1,266.01 a month, so cash flow 是 about −283 a month, debt coverage is 0.78、the first-year cash-on-cash return 是 第 −4.85%. Grow 次 和 the sale lift the 10-year IRR 至 about 7.6%.

假设与局限

• the projection. 的 每年 Fixed costs rise 2%
• 税款 on rental income 和 gains 是 excluded 和 can change the result a lot.
• The loan 是 repaid 和 the property sold at the end the holding period.

常见错误

• Ignoring empty periods 和 repairs.
• Judging a deal by the cap 利率 alone without checking the mortgage.
• Assuming rent 和 价格 growth continue forever.

常见问题

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